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Abstract

Microstrip antenna arrays are used in communication, radar, space, and heating applications, but “temperature” denotes different physical conditions. This scoping review mapped mechanisms, measurement approaches, and evidence gaps linking antenna gain and thermal behaviour, with attention to planar 2 × 4 arrays. A 366-record Scopus seed export was deduplicated and screened; nine supplied full-text reports were assessed against prespecified criteria and charted for geometry, gain or radiation metrics, power reference, thermal compartment, boundary conditions, validation, and 2 × 4 applicability. Five reports were provisionally eligible: two provided array-level gain-thermal evidence and three provided supporting material or qualification evidence. Hot-state simulation, post-exposure testing, material thermal cycling, and coupled electromagnetic-thermal modelling represented distinct pathways. No supplied eligible report directly validated a planar 2 × 4 gain-temperature relationship or populated the external-medium heating theme. The evidence indicates that gain should not be treated as a heat metric; interpretation requires matched power, exposure geometry, thermal object, and heat-transfer conditions. The review remains interim because full-text retrieval and independent dual-reviewer confirmation are incomplete.

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microstrip antenna array antenna gain electromagnetic-thermal coupling temperature measurement scoping review

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