Jurnal Penelitian

Retrospective Classical Item Audit of a Honda Automatic Motorcycle Tune-Up Test in Vocational Education

Moch Chaqqul Yaqin, Rufi'i Rufi'i, Sabariah Sabariah — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This retrospective document-based audit evaluated a 25-item multiple-choice test on Honda automatic motorcycle tune-up knowledge using archived summary outputs from one administration to 35 Grade XI vocational students. The available records reported a mean score of 11.71 (SD = 5.32), Cronbach's alpha of 0.86, and an odd-even correlation of 0.75. Twenty-three items were classified as moderately difficult, item 19 as difficult, and item 23 as easy. Discrimination values ranged from 0.00 to 100.00 on the source scale; item 1 had the lowest value and item 11 the highest. Items 10 and 11 had the highest reported item-total correlations (0.820), whereas item 1 had a near-zero negative correlation (-0.039). Because the raw item-response matrix, calculation settings, and option-level frequencies were unavailable, the statistics could not be independently recalculated and distractor evidence was not used for definitive retention decisions. The findings indicate that relatively high total-score internal consistency can coexist with heterogeneous item functioning. Item 1 should receive priority review, while all item decisions should be confirmed through raw-data reanalysis, expert content review, revised-item pilot testing, and complementary practical performance assessment.

Psychometric Quality Of An Elementary School Mathematics Test: A Classical Test Theory Analysis Of Item Difficulty, Discrimination, And Distractor Functioning

Muhammad Lis Haryanto, Rufi'i Rufi'i, Sabariah Sabariah, Adi Adi — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the psychometric functioning of a 25-item multiple-choice mathematics test on perimeter and area administered to 35 fifth-grade students. Although item analysis is widely used, evidence from routine elementary classroom assessments remains limited, particularly studies that integrate difficulty, discrimination, and option-level response patterns into actionable item-revision decisions. Using a descriptive Classical Test Theory design, all 35 students represented in the archived item summaries were included. Item difficulty (P) was calculated from the proportion of correct responses, discrimination (D) from the difference between the upper and lower approximately 27% groups (n = 10 per group), and distractor functioning from option-selection frequencies. Twenty-three items were easy (P = 0.71-0.91), while only two were moderately difficult (P = 0.69). Discrimination ranged from -0.10 to 0.60; six items showed good or very good discrimination, three had D = 0.00, and two had negative values. Distractor functioning was uneven, especially for items with concentrated response patterns. The findings indicate that the test was suitable for checking basic mastery but insufficiently balanced for differentiating students across a broader ability range. The study contributes a decision-oriented framework for retaining, revising, or reviewing classroom test items. Because the archived dataset did not contain the complete person-by-item matrix, internal-consistency reliability could not be estimated. Larger multi-school samples, repeated administrations, and Item Response Theory analyses are recommended.

Wildlife Hazard Management in Aviation Safety Policy at Indonesian Airports: A Qualitative Gap Analysis

Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Wildlife strikes remain a persistent safety risk for airport operators because birds and terrestrial animals can damage aircraft, disrupt schedules, and threaten passengers and crews. In Indonesia, the issue is particularly important because airports operate in diverse ecological settings, including coastal zones, forest edges, wetlands, agricultural areas, settlements, and rapidly urbanizing airport vicinities. This study evaluates the implementation of Wildlife Hazard Management (WHM) at Indonesian airports by synthesizing published airport evidence and comparing reported practices with ICAO standards and Indonesian aerodrome regulations. A qualitative documentary review and structured gap analysis were conducted using ICAO Annex 14, ICAO Doc 9137 Part 3, ICAO Safety Management System principles, Indonesian CASR Part 139-related regulations, and empirical studies from several Indonesian airports. The analysis was organized around eight WHM components: wildlife assessment, habitat and attractant control, patrol and surveillance, reporting and risk assessment, equipment and technology, personnel competence, emergency preparedness, and off-airport stakeholder coordination. The findings show that Indonesian airports have generally adopted core WHM practices, including patrols, reporting, grass cutting, perimeter control, and deterrent equipment. However, implementation remains uneven. Key gaps include limited species-specific and seasonal risk assessment, incomplete evidence on reporting quality, insufficient recurrent training and simulation, suboptimal placement and maintenance of deterrent equipment, and weak documentation of off-airport coordination within the 13 km wildlife-risk area. The study contributes a comparative policy-implementation framework for strengthening WHM as part of airport Safety Management Systems in Indonesia.

Discourses Of Greenwashing and Climate Delay In Don't Look Up (2021) and Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022): A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis

Reno Reno, Irwansyah Putra — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study compares how manipulative environmental rhetoric is constructed in Don't Look Up (2021) and Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery (2022). It distinguishes greenwashing, understood as communication that creates overly positive beliefs about environmental performance, from adjacent discourses of climate delay and media trivialisation. Using a qualitative comparative case study, the analysis integrates van Dijk's sociocognitive Critical Discourse Analysis, Fairclough's three-dimensional model, Lyon and Montgomery's greenwashing framework, and visual semiotics. The reporting corpus comprises six focal sequences selected from the two films and examined through dialogue, scene context, visual design, and relations of power. Don't Look Up primarily depicts institutional climate-delay discourse through bureaucratic temporisation and entertainment framing; its BASH extraction narrative moves into greenwashing when a profit-driven, high-risk intervention is branded as responsible technological rescue. Glass Onion presents clearer corporate greenwashing through selective disclosure, unsupported clean-energy claims, symbolic sustainability, and the suppression of known safety risks. The comparison shows that environmental manipulation operates through different but connected institutional and corporate arrangements. The study contributes an operational distinction between greenwashing and climate delay in film discourse and demonstrates how lexical choices, visual prestige, and control over public communication can reduce accountability. The findings support critical environmental media literacy while recognising that the analysis is interpretive and limited to a small purposive corpus

Development of an ESP32-Based IoT Smart Cane for Multi-Directional Obstacle Detection and Real-Time Monitoring

Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Visual impairment limits independent mobility due to difficulties in recognizing obstacles and environmental conditions. This study aims to develop an ESP32-based Internet of Things (IoT) smart cane to improve navigation safety and real-time monitoring for visually impaired users. The proposed system integrates three ultrasonic sensors for multi-directional obstacle detection, a water level sensor for puddle detection, a DFPlayer Mini with speaker for audio feedback, a vibration motor for tactile feedback, and a GPS module connected to a Telegram Bot for location monitoring. The prototype was designed and evaluated through functional testing of each subsystem and overall system performance. The results show that the smart cane successfully detects obstacles, provides audio and vibration warnings, and transmits user location information remotely. The developed system demonstrates the potential of IoT-based assistive technology to support safer and more independent mobility for visually impaired users.

Autonomous Optical Tracking System (AOTS): Development of A Computer Vision-Based Face-Tracking Pan-Tilt Prototype Using Arduino

Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Recent advances in computer vision and embedded control have enabled low-cost systems to detect and follow visual targets in real time. This study developed and preliminarily evaluated an Autonomous Optical Tracking System (AOTS) that combines MediaPipe/CVZone and OpenCV face detection on a laptop with Arduino Uno control of two SG90 pan-tilt servos and a 5 mW KY-008 visual alignment indicator. Face-centroid coordinates were converted into pan and tilt commands and transmitted through serial communication. Eight functional scenarios were each repeated 20 times, producing 160 trials. A trial was successful when the face state and the expected actuator or indicator response were correct. The system achieved 159 successful trials (99.4%): seven scenarios reached 20/20, while the centered-target scenario reached 19/20 (95%). Representative response times across six movement conditions ranged from 0.32 to 0.42 s for the pan servo and from 0.28 to 0.50 s for the tilt servo. These results demonstrate prototype feasibility under controlled conditions but should not be interpreted as benchmark face-detection accuracy because pixel-level tracking error, environmental variation, and repeated timing distributions were not recorded. The system is intended solely for benign laboratory and educational use. Further work should evaluate repeated latency, tracking error, illumination, distance, and user safety under standardized conditions.

Enhancing Eighth-Grade Students’ English Vocabulary Mastery Through The Use Of Realia

Moh. Fuadul Matin Matin, Chyntia Heru Woro Prastiwi, Muhamad Miftahur Rozaq — Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Preliminary classroom observations at SMP Islam Bojonegoro indicated that many eighth-grade students had difficulty understanding and using English vocabulary and that instruction was largely teacher centered. This classroom action research examined whether the use of realia could support vocabulary learning in one class of 20 students during the 2025/2026 academic year. The study comprised two iterative cycles of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Vocabulary achievement was evaluated at the end of each cycle, while classroom participation was documented through structured observation sheets and field notes. The class mean increased from 43.5 in Cycle I to 77.5 in Cycle II, and the proportion of students meeting the Minimum Mastery Criterion increased from 5% to 80%. Classroom records also indicated more visible participation and willingness to respond during the second cycle, although these behavioral observations were not measured using a validated motivation scale. The findings show meaningful improvement within this specific classroom after the instructional procedures were revised and realia was used more systematically. Because the study involved a single class, had no comparison group, and used teacher-developed assessments with limited documented psychometric evidence, the results should be interpreted as context-specific classroom improvement rather than definitive causal evidence of general effectiveness

Ergonomic Risk Analysis of Working Postures of Motor Vehicle Inspectors During Emissions Testing Using the NBM, REBA, and RULA Methods

Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Motor vehicle inspection plays an essential role in ensuring that vehicles comply with roadworthiness requirements and transportation safety standards. One stage of inspection with potential ergonomic risks is emissions testing, because motor vehicle inspectors must insert a probe into the vehicle exhaust pipe, operate a smoke tester or gas analyzer, and observe the test results while adopting various working postures. These activities are often performed in bent or squatting positions and involve repeatedly maintaining static postures, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This descriptive quantitative study analyzed the working postures of 30 motor vehicle inspectors during emissions testing using the Nordic Body Map (NBM), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), supported by posture simulation with Siemens Jack 8.4 software. NBM was used to identify musculoskeletal complaints based on respondents' perceptions, whereas REBA and RULA objectively evaluated whole-body and upper-body postural risk. NBM classified 53.3% of inspectors as low risk and 46.7% as moderate risk, with complaints most frequently involving the neck, shoulders, back, lower back, and knees. REBA classified 30.0% of postures as low risk, 36.7% as moderate risk, and 33.3% as high risk. RULA classified 6.7% as low risk, 26.7% as moderate risk, 13.3% as high risk, and 53.3% as very high risk. The principal contributing factors were low exhaust-pipe height, trunk flexion during probe insertion, prolonged static postures, and repetitive movement. The contrast between subjective complaints and observational scores suggests that hazardous postures may be present before severe symptoms are consistently perceived. Ergonomic improvements are therefore required, including assistive devices, work rotation, feasible adjustment of working height, and training in appropriate postures to reduce MSD risk and improve occupational safety and health