Ernovrianto Sirait, R.S. , Fatmawati, U.D., Putra Sinaga, A.D. , Rikfi Fahriza, M. , Ramadan, G. , Siregar, A. and Lubis, Y. 2026. Development of an ESP32-Based IoT Smart Cane for Multi-Directional Obstacle Detection and Real-Time Monitoring. Jurnal Penelitian . 11, 2 (Aug. 2026), 122–131. DOI:https://doi.org/10.46491/jp.v11i2.2621.